Fractional Distillation Process To Separate Organic Liquids

Fragmentary Distillation Process To Separate Organic Liquids Refining is a valuable technique for purifiying fluids. Straightforward refining is utilized when an unadulterated dissolvable is required to be acquired from the arrangement. This is normally water. Then again, partial distilation is fundamentally utilized for the partition of a blend of two miscible natural fluids having diverse breaking points. A typical case of two fluids that blend in with one another are ethanol and water. Another model is petroleum and paraffin. In this analysis, a blend of CH3)2CO and toluene was given. Fundamentally, the fluid blend was bubbled to vanish the fluid that had the least breaking point, alluded to as the principal division. The fume left behind through a fractionating section, which isn't utilized in a basic refining. As the blend vaopur left behind the fractionating segment, it ceaselessly consolidated and dissipated. This made it become progressively more extravagant in the fluid with the most minimal breaking point until the fume that arrived at the top comprised on the whole of the segment with the least breaking point. The fume is then cooled in the condenser thus it consolidated back to a fluid, which was gathered, henceforth alluded to as the distillate. At the point when practically all the fluid with the most minimal breaking point was refined over, the temperature rised quickly indicating that a blend of the two fluids was refining over. This ought to be gathered in a different holder and disposed of. When the temperature arrived at the breaking point of the subsequent fluid, the fluid was then refined into another holder. This essentially clarified the procedure of fragmentary refining. Be that as it may, there is a hypothesis behind this, on the grounds that the procedure of refining ought to be connected concerning a perfect fluid blend where one is more unpredictable than the other. With respect to blend of CH3)2CO/toluene gave in this examination, perfect conduct was accepted and once the procedure was done, the more unpredictable fluid was found by finding the breaking point of every segment. It was noticed that the more unpredictable fluid was CH3)2CO since this had a lower breaking point. This was talked about further comparable to breaking point creation charts. 2. Strategy 2.1 Chemicals utilized Reagent: Evaluation: Producer: CH3)2CO GPR BDH Toluene GPR Merck 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine GPR Riedel de Haem Sodium hydroxide GPR Tinstar Iodine GPR BDH Dioxane GPR Aldrich A blend of acteone (BDH, GPR) and toluene (Merck, GPR). 2.2 Apparatus Fractionating section, thermometer, 100 mL round bottomed jar as the refining pot, glass dots, against knocking granules, cotton fleece, tight clasp, Leibig condenser with elastic tubings, warming mantle, associating side-arms as a major aspect of the fragmentary refining arrangement, counter remain with brace, water gracefully, 10 mL and 100 mL estimating chambers, electronic parity, test-tubes, refined water. 2.3 Procedure Section a) The detachment of the CH3)2CO/toluene blend and the estimation of the breaking points of each. The contraption for fragmentary refining was set-up suitably utilizing a 100 mL round-bottomed carafe, the fractionating segment gave, protected well with cotton fleece. 50 mL of the CH3)2CO/toluene blend was put in the 100 mL round-bottomed cup. This was estimated utilizing an estimating chamber. A couple of bubbling chips or hostile to knocking granules, which were little unpredictably bits of material, were added to the round-bottomed flagon so as to permit delayed bubbling. The mechanical assembly was clipped as needs be from the neck of the round-bottomed cup and checked to be adjusted and all around set-up before the warming mantle was turned on. At that point round-bottomed cup was warmed gradually utilizing a warming mantle, until the perusing on the thermometer arrived at a consistent state and drops were seen to consolidate out of the Leibig condenser. This was the breaking point of the primary part. This consistent state temperature was recorded and the distillate was gathered in a 100 mL estimating chamber. The refining was permitted to continue until not any more fluid escaped the condenser into the estimating chamber. At that point the volume of the principal portion was recorded. At the point when the entirety of the principal portion was refined out, the temperature at the highest point of the segment was seen to increment and afterward arrived at a subsequent consistent state, which was the breaking point of the subsequent part. Drops of the subsequent division were seen to begin to gather out of the Leibig condenser. This consistent state temperature which was the breaking point of the subsequent portion, was recorded. The subsequent distillate was gathered in a spotless estimating chamber and afterward its volume was recorded. Part b) The use of two distinct tests for the recognizable proof of the fluid distillate having a carbonyl gathering. (CH3)2CO) 2,4-DNPH test was first done. 2-3 drops of the fluid to be tried were added to 3 mL of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, and shaken. Any perceptions and deductions were recorded. The iodofrom test was then completed. 4 small scale drops of the fluid to be tried were broken up in 2 mL refined water, in a test-tube. The drops were included cautiously utilizing a pipette. 2 mL of 10 % sodium hydroxide were then included with 2 mL of iodine arrangement, which were included gradually by drops. The substance was insoluble in water and in this way 2 mL dioxane were included. This was done with the goal that the substance broke down. Any perceptions and surmisings were then recorded. Each test was completed twice, for every distillate. Chart: The set-up mechanical assembly for Fractional Distillation. Safety measures It was guaranteed that the thermometre was situated in like manner at the mouth opening of the Leibig condenser, where it demonstrated which division was being dissipated by taking note of the temperature readings. The thermometer position was significant in such a case that the thermometer bulb was to be put excessively high, the fumes would arrive at it before they go into the side-arm to be gathered, and the watched breaking point would be lower than it ought to be. In the event that the thermometer bulb was to be set excessively low, fumes of polluting influences may arrive at it, and a high perusing for the breaking point range would be given. It was guaranteed that the fractionating segment was filled and stuffed with glass globules, for most extreme conceivable surface region for fume to gather on. It was guaranteed that a joint clasp was utilized and appended between the finish of the condenser and the side arm so that there was finished connection of the arrangement together and any spillage of the fluid distillate was forestalled, however permitted to drop just from the side arm tube, where the vent was available. It was guaranteed that the Leibig condenser furnished was set-up in like manner with opening underneath implied for water to be siphoned in while the opening at the top implied for water to be siphoned out, and the other way around. Despite the fact that water pressure moves from a higher to a lower tallness, if the condenser must be the other route round the fluid probably won't be cooled totally as it would just gather the top bit of the condenser. In this manner if the remainder of the piece of the Leibig condenser was not cooled, the fluid would might dissipate into gas again at the base piece of the condenser. This clarified the significance of right set-up. It was guaranteed that however much of the subsequent portion as could reasonably be expected was gathered, anyway simultaneously care was taken so as not to permit the refining pot, for example the 100 mL round-bottomed jar, to bubble dry in any case the deposits may light or expode. It was guaranteed that enemy of knocking granules were utilized. These were put in the 100 mL round-bottomed flagon with the 50 mL of the CH3)2CO/toluene blend. The granules were significant since they permitted delayed, smoother bubbling without knocking and ceaseless even development and arrival of fume bubbles were watched. It was guaranteed that cotton fleece was utilized with the goal that the entire fractionating section was totally wrapped and secured for protection or slacking. This was significant with the goal that the mechanical assembly stayed as warm as could be expected under the circumstances and inordinate cooling was evaded, yet happened gradually. It was guaranteed that parallax mistakes were dodged however much as could be expected by looking ordinarily to the size of the estimating chamber were when taking readings of the volumes of fluids, or when taking temperature readings from the thermometre. For wellbeing measures, it was guaranteed that care was taken while refining natural solvents so as to maintain a strategic distance from blasts and flames. Subsequently, it was guaranteed that the fume didn't come into contact with blazes, wellsprings of flashes or exceptionally hot surfaces, for example, hot plates. It was guaranteed that the contraption was not totally fixed. A vent in the framework was required in order to forestall pressure develop in the framework as warming was done. In any case the contraption would essentially blow separated. In this manner, for safey measures, it was guaranteed that warming in a shut framework was maintained a strategic distance from. 3. Results Volume of CH3)2CO and toluene blend utilized was: 50.0 mL Perceptions Inferences from the 2,4-DNPH test A red-orange accelerate was shaped. This positive outcome implies that a carbonyl gathering, was available in the recipe of the substance. No accelerate was framed. The substance contained no carbonyl gathering, in its recipe, subsequently a negative outcome was acquired. Perceptions Inferences from the Iodoform test A light yellow accelerate was shaped. This implies the substance contains a in its equation, subsequently it gave a positive iodoform with a disinfectant smell. No accelerate was shaped. No gathering was available in the equation of the substance, henceforth a negative outcome was gotten. Associated Identity with Fraction 4. Conversation: At some random temperature an unadulterated fluid in a nearby holder will build up a balance with its fume: liquidvapour The harmony fume pressure over the fluid will rely on the temperature. Thinking about blending two fluids in various extents,

At the beginning of our day out Briggs is portrayed as an antagonist Essay Example

Toward the start of our day out Briggs is depicted as an enemy Essay Toward the start of Our Day Out the character of Mr. Briggs is advised to watch out for things. Now we dont know a lot about him separated from the way that he demonstrations somewhat like a government agent. Briggs addresses the students on the mentor to plunk down and his first words are run of the mill of a severe educator: Reilly. Dickson. Plunk down! It shows it won't be simple for the students to continue ahead with as they need to make some great memories, and a decent time in his eyes is to plunk down unobtrusively and converse with individuals sitting close by you. Briggs discourse demonstrates that he is severe. He doesn't converse with individuals in a typical tone; it is all the more an exacting tone. Furthermore, there are a ton of outcry stamps in his discourse demonstrating he shows more often than not. Mrs. Kay is the classes educator, she is a pleasant woman that realizes the kids wont add up to a lot, as there is no occupations around here. Briggs and Mrs. Kay appear to not get along, this is a result of the diverse instructing styles. Briggs doesn't comprehend that the understudies fathers try sincerely and don't have a lot to appear for it. Though Mrs Kay comprehends it is hard for them, comprehend they wont grow up to be a lot and attempts to be pleasant. We will compose a custom exposition test on At the start of our day out Briggs is depicted as a rival explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on At the start of our day out Briggs is depicted as an enemy explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on At the start of our day out Briggs is depicted as a rival explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Mrs Kay and different educators are as frustrated as the kids when they hear Briggs is going ahead the outing since they comprehend what he resembles. He doesn't think the youngsters have the right to be permitted out traveling this way and appreciate it. He is an old style educator, who stays by rules. He thinks Mrs. Kay should show them in an alternate manner. He is under the feeling that in the event that they get the hang of something they will have a superior way of life. Parody is a fundamental fixing to the play. It occurs in numerous scenes all through the play. In the first place when Les exits to get Carol over the street. He sets his planning perfectly to stop the egotistical get that is Briggs. At that point, there is the scene when Mrs. Kay fools the driver into accepting that the youngsters are poor. The zoo, the shop, the young ladies with Colin these scenes all have satire in them. Briggs genuine nature additionally adds to the funniness in light of the fact that the conduct of the kids makes him so distraught. Mrs Kay convinces Briggs to plunk down and have an espresso. He doesn't imagine that the kids ought to be disregarded, anyway Mrs. Kay consoles him that they will be alright. However when Briggs discovers the kids have taken the creatures he blows up. He couldn't help contradicting Ronsons see about the confined creatures and he says that was all they were utilized to. Here, Willy Russell talks allegorically. The confined creatures resemble the kids. The kids see the existence they need, similar to the bears see the opportunity, yet they cannot arrive at it. Russell gives us that Briggs and the youngsters are so unique idea the language by utilizing phonetic spelling to feature emphasize. At the sea shore and the reasonable, Briggs appears to be an alternate individual. He advises the driver to go to the reasonable. He appears to have gotten used to the youngsters at this point. At the sea shore, Carol, an understudy from the advancement class that has large dreams however no chance to get of getting them, disappears. Briggs discovers her on the edge of a precipice and advises her to escape from the edge. She answers with something the crowd thinks, You dont care. The crowd at that point begin to see an alternate side to Briggs when he answers If I didnt care, what am I doing here at this point. This suggests Briggs cares about the understudies, however he is a good old educator. He accepts that youngsters go to class to learn, not to have a ton of fun time. The finish of the play is loose. The youngsters make some great memories at the carnival and Mrs Kay takes some photographs, which Briggs gets hold of, with the guarantee to create them, yet he discards them. Actually I dont think Briggs changes. Not long before the transport returned to class, Russell includes this stage heading: Briggs removes his cap, brushes his hair and set back on his coat I think he loose and attempted to appreciate the excursion, however when he returns to class, his work environment, he is the old Briggs once more. I think as a rule that the crowds see has changed of Briggs. He is a good old instructor and that is how he is, yet I feel that the crowd currently observe that there is an alternate side to him. A side that is once in a while observed. I feel that Briggs is a decent instructor and that he has a superior way to deal with the youngsters than Mrs Kay. Despite the fact that she comprehends them better, I believe that Briggs would show them more as he has exacting guidelines, He would cause them to realize, where as Mrs Kay essentially converses with them and evidently gets them.

Loan Scams 6 Warning Signs You Need to Know

Loan Scams 6 Warning Signs You Need to Know Loan Scams: 6 Warning Signs You Need to Know Loan Scams: 6 Warning Signs You Need to KnowGuaranteed approval, fee-based help for your federal student loans, and upfront payment should all set off alarm bells.When you’re in desperate need of cash, it can be easy to look for the fastest solution. Unfortunately, doing so will open you up to a whole host of predatory lenders and outright scammers. Desperate people, especially ones with low credit scores, often make the easiest marks.Between con artists who demand payment upfront and then disappear to predatory cash advance loans designed to trap you in a dangerous cycle of debt, there’s a lot you have to watch out for. Applying for a loan with one of these companies could dig you even deeper into debt.But don’t worry. That’s why we’re here. Before you venture online or pick up the phone, make sure you know these warnings signs for when a fast-cash loan is actually fast-talking scam.1. Watch out for upfront or “advance” fees.There’s a reason that we made this warning sign number one. Even if you decided to skip the rest of this post (please don’t do that), you would be okay coming away with this one piece of knowledge.Lenders that ask you to pay money upfront before they deliver your loan or make noise about “advance fees” are scamming you. Once you pay them that money, they are going to melt away, leaving you with an even bigger hole in your wallet than when you started.While it is customary for many personal loans to include origination fees as a part of their lending process, those fees are often deducted from the loan amountâ€"not demanded up front before anything’s been agreed upon. (Mortgages also come with a number of additional fees.)Other hallmarks of an advance fee scheme include requests that you pay the costs of transferring the funds, demanding that payment is made via wire transfer, or encouraging you to make payments via a prepaid debit card or other gift cards.But before you even reach any of those other warning signs, y ou should be tipped off by any demand of a fee prior to the loan being approved.2. Don’t fall for promises of “guaranteed approval.”This promise often goes hand in hand with an advance fee scheme. By telling their mark that they can get a loan no matter how dire their financial situation, scammers can more easily dupe them into paying them.If a lender tells you that approval is guaranteed, then they are not being truthful with you. A real lender always has some kind of condition for issuing a loan. Even if the loan is very easy to get approved for, it’s still not “guaranteed.”But don’t take it from us. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC),  â€œLegitimate lenders never guarantee or say that you are likely to get a loan or a credit card before you apply, especially if you have bad credit, no credit, or a bankruptcy.”Even if a lender that promises guaranteed approval ends up issuing you a loan, that doesn’t mean that you’re out of danger. It might be a si gn that the loan is a first step to trapping you into a long-term cycle of debt. To learn more, check out our blog post: Is Guaranteed Approval A Real Thing?3. They  don’t check your credit history or income.Real lenders don’t offer guaranteed approval for one simple reason: they care about your ability to repay what you borrow. That’s why they take steps to verify your credit history and your income before approving your loan. If you have good credit, every loan you apply for will involve some kind of credit check.The same doesnt hold true for bad credit loans and no credit check loans. If you have poor credit and are applying for one of these loans, you need to have your guard up. And even if a lender doesn’t make splashy promises of guaranteed approval or demand an advance fee, you can sniff out their trustworthiness by whether or not they check your credit history.It doesn’t have to be a hard credit check. A soft check will do just fine. Plus, a soft credit check won†™t show up on your credit report and dent your credit score. Sure, they return a lot less information than a hard check, but they return way more information than no credit check at all.When a lender doesn’t verify your credit history or income, it might be a sign that they’re hoping you can’t afford your loan. In situations such as these, the lender is counting on a lot of their customers being forced to roll their loans overâ€"paying additional fees and interest to get an extension on the due date.When a person is continually rolling or reborrowing a loan, it makes it very hard for them to climb out of debt. Instead of paying off their principal loan amount, they’re only ever paying off the interest. Imagine spending $1,000 in interest on a $300 loan and then realizing that you’re no closer to paying it off than you were when you first began.If a lender doesn’t check your credit history or try to verify your incomeâ€"whether its a short-term loan or a long-term install ment loanâ€"it’s not too much to assume that a predatory cycle of debt is right around the corner.4. Beware promises around loan “forgiveness.”These scams often center around student loans. And while the state of student debt in this country is massively screwed up, these people are not making it any better. In fact, they’re profiting off other people’s misery and desperation.Most of these folks aren’t lenders. Instead, they are “student debt relief” companies that promise to help ease your federal student loan burden. They promise lower monthly payments and sometimes outright loan forgiveness, and they will request a fee for their services.But here’s the thing: Anything they say they can get you can actually be gotten for free. And don’t believe these companies that say they are aligned with the federal government. They are not.There are a bunch of different claims that these scammers will make in order to get you to use their services. From the U.S. Department of Education:Here are some examples of the false claims made in these communications:“Act immediately to qualify for student loan forgiveness before the program is discontinued.”“You are now eligible to receive benefits from a recent law that has passed regarding federal student loans, including total forgiveness in some circumstances. Federal student loan programs may change. Please call within 30 days of receiving this notice.”“Your student loans may qualify for complete discharge. Enrollments are first come, first served.”“Student alerts: Your student loan is flagged for forgiveness pending verification. Call now!”Instead of working with one of these companies whose fees and deceptive practices could leave you much worse off, you should go straight to the Federal Student Aid website, where you can find information on loan forgiveness, debt consolidation, lowering your monthly payments, and getting out of default, all for free.5. Loan scammers will lie about their identity.  This advice is two-fold. Many scammers will lie about who they’re representing. They’ll say they’re from a bank or another reputable lender, or they will say that they are a partner of the federal government. This is often the case with companies that are trying outright trick you through an advance fee scheme.Other times, a lender will contact youâ€"an actual lender, albeit one who is decidedly predatoryâ€"and tell you that you are eligible for a loan with them. The only problem is that you live in a state where loans like the ones they’re offering (usually high-interest payday loans or title loans) are illegal. This lender is breaking the law and shouldn’t be trusted.When you’re shopping for a loan, especially an online loan, you need to do your research to make sure that you’re not being scammed. Don’t trust the numbers or websites that the lender gives you. Do some snooping and independently verify that the information they’ve given you is accurate.S ometimes, a cursory Google search is the only standing between you and some real financial hardship.6. Beware of companies that contact you, especially over the phone.It’s not just you. A recent article in The New York Times confirmed that robocalls and phone scams are calling your phone more now than ever before. Amongst those callers are many folks claiming to be from a legitimate lender with a fantastic loan offer for you. Don’t believe them.Real lenders don’t call you out of the blue asking if you want a loan. While many legit lenders might have an over-the-phone part of their application process, it’s only going to be after you’ve applied for a loan or expressed a direct interest in being contacted.If a lender contacts you out of the blue, the odds are extremely good they’re, well, up to no good. According to the FTC, “It is illegal for companies doing business by phone in the U.S. to promise you a loan or credit card and ask you to pay for it before they deliver. ”A phone call is also an extremely good place to give out false informationâ€"to lie about your name, affiliations, address, and contact info. Don’t be taken in. Any lender who contacts you and promises a loan should get only one response: the click of you hanging up.To learn more about keeping yourself safe from scammers, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemMulti-Level Marketing Scams: How a MLM “Job” Could End Up Costing You ThousandsHow to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural DisasterHave you ever been duped by a loan scam?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN Loan Scams 6 Warning Signs You Need to Know Loan Scams: 6 Warning Signs You Need to Know Loan Scams: 6 Warning Signs You Need to KnowGuaranteed approval, fee-based help for your federal student loans, and upfront payment should all set off alarm bells.When you’re in desperate need of cash, it can be easy to look for the fastest solution. Unfortunately, doing so will open you up to a whole host of predatory lenders and outright scammers. Desperate people, especially ones with low credit scores, often make the easiest marks.Between con artists who demand payment upfront and then disappear to predatory cash advance loans designed to trap you in a dangerous cycle of debt, there’s a lot you have to watch out for. Applying for a loan with one of these companies could dig you even deeper into debt.But don’t worry. That’s why we’re here. Before you venture online or pick up the phone, make sure you know these warnings signs for when a fast-cash loan is actually fast-talking scam.1. Watch out for upfront or “advance” fees.There’s a reason that we made this warning sign number one. Even if you decided to skip the rest of this post (please don’t do that), you would be okay coming away with this one piece of knowledge.Lenders that ask you to pay money upfront before they deliver your loan or make noise about “advance fees” are scamming you. Once you pay them that money, they are going to melt away, leaving you with an even bigger hole in your wallet than when you started.While it is customary for many personal loans to include origination fees as a part of their lending process, those fees are often deducted from the loan amountâ€"not demanded up front before anything’s been agreed upon. (Mortgages also come with a number of additional fees.)Other hallmarks of an advance fee scheme include requests that you pay the costs of transferring the funds, demanding that payment is made via wire transfer, or encouraging you to make payments via a prepaid debit card or other gift cards.But before you even reach any of those other warning signs, y ou should be tipped off by any demand of a fee prior to the loan being approved.2. Don’t fall for promises of “guaranteed approval.”This promise often goes hand in hand with an advance fee scheme. By telling their mark that they can get a loan no matter how dire their financial situation, scammers can more easily dupe them into paying them.If a lender tells you that approval is guaranteed, then they are not being truthful with you. A real lender always has some kind of condition for issuing a loan. Even if the loan is very easy to get approved for, it’s still not “guaranteed.”But don’t take it from us. According to the Federal Trade Commission (FTC),  â€œLegitimate lenders never guarantee or say that you are likely to get a loan or a credit card before you apply, especially if you have bad credit, no credit, or a bankruptcy.”Even if a lender that promises guaranteed approval ends up issuing you a loan, that doesn’t mean that you’re out of danger. It might be a si gn that the loan is a first step to trapping you into a long-term cycle of debt. To learn more, check out our blog post: Is Guaranteed Approval A Real Thing?3. They  don’t check your credit history or income.Real lenders don’t offer guaranteed approval for one simple reason: they care about your ability to repay what you borrow. That’s why they take steps to verify your credit history and your income before approving your loan. If you have good credit, every loan you apply for will involve some kind of credit check.The same doesnt hold true for bad credit loans and no credit check loans. If you have poor credit and are applying for one of these loans, you need to have your guard up. And even if a lender doesn’t make splashy promises of guaranteed approval or demand an advance fee, you can sniff out their trustworthiness by whether or not they check your credit history.It doesn’t have to be a hard credit check. A soft check will do just fine. Plus, a soft credit check won†™t show up on your credit report and dent your credit score. Sure, they return a lot less information than a hard check, but they return way more information than no credit check at all.When a lender doesn’t verify your credit history or income, it might be a sign that they’re hoping you can’t afford your loan. In situations such as these, the lender is counting on a lot of their customers being forced to roll their loans overâ€"paying additional fees and interest to get an extension on the due date.When a person is continually rolling or reborrowing a loan, it makes it very hard for them to climb out of debt. Instead of paying off their principal loan amount, they’re only ever paying off the interest. Imagine spending $1,000 in interest on a $300 loan and then realizing that you’re no closer to paying it off than you were when you first began.If a lender doesn’t check your credit history or try to verify your incomeâ€"whether its a short-term loan or a long-term install ment loanâ€"it’s not too much to assume that a predatory cycle of debt is right around the corner.4. Beware promises around loan “forgiveness.”These scams often center around student loans. And while the state of student debt in this country is massively screwed up, these people are not making it any better. In fact, they’re profiting off other people’s misery and desperation.Most of these folks aren’t lenders. Instead, they are “student debt relief” companies that promise to help ease your federal student loan burden. They promise lower monthly payments and sometimes outright loan forgiveness, and they will request a fee for their services.But here’s the thing: Anything they say they can get you can actually be gotten for free. And don’t believe these companies that say they are aligned with the federal government. They are not.There are a bunch of different claims that these scammers will make in order to get you to use their services. From the U.S. Department of Education:Here are some examples of the false claims made in these communications:“Act immediately to qualify for student loan forgiveness before the program is discontinued.”“You are now eligible to receive benefits from a recent law that has passed regarding federal student loans, including total forgiveness in some circumstances. Federal student loan programs may change. Please call within 30 days of receiving this notice.”“Your student loans may qualify for complete discharge. Enrollments are first come, first served.”“Student alerts: Your student loan is flagged for forgiveness pending verification. Call now!”Instead of working with one of these companies whose fees and deceptive practices could leave you much worse off, you should go straight to the Federal Student Aid website, where you can find information on loan forgiveness, debt consolidation, lowering your monthly payments, and getting out of default, all for free.5. Loan scammers will lie about their identity.  This advice is two-fold. Many scammers will lie about who they’re representing. They’ll say they’re from a bank or another reputable lender, or they will say that they are a partner of the federal government. This is often the case with companies that are trying outright trick you through an advance fee scheme.Other times, a lender will contact youâ€"an actual lender, albeit one who is decidedly predatoryâ€"and tell you that you are eligible for a loan with them. The only problem is that you live in a state where loans like the ones they’re offering (usually high-interest payday loans or title loans) are illegal. This lender is breaking the law and shouldn’t be trusted.When you’re shopping for a loan, especially an online loan, you need to do your research to make sure that you’re not being scammed. Don’t trust the numbers or websites that the lender gives you. Do some snooping and independently verify that the information they’ve given you is accurate.S ometimes, a cursory Google search is the only standing between you and some real financial hardship.6. Beware of companies that contact you, especially over the phone.It’s not just you. A recent article in The New York Times confirmed that robocalls and phone scams are calling your phone more now than ever before. Amongst those callers are many folks claiming to be from a legitimate lender with a fantastic loan offer for you. Don’t believe them.Real lenders don’t call you out of the blue asking if you want a loan. While many legit lenders might have an over-the-phone part of their application process, it’s only going to be after you’ve applied for a loan or expressed a direct interest in being contacted.If a lender contacts you out of the blue, the odds are extremely good they’re, well, up to no good. According to the FTC, “It is illegal for companies doing business by phone in the U.S. to promise you a loan or credit card and ask you to pay for it before they deliver. ”A phone call is also an extremely good place to give out false informationâ€"to lie about your name, affiliations, address, and contact info. Don’t be taken in. Any lender who contacts you and promises a loan should get only one response: the click of you hanging up.To learn more about keeping yourself safe from scammers, check out these related posts and articles from OppLoans:10 Common Scams: How They Work and How to Avoid ThemMulti-Level Marketing Scams: How a MLM “Job” Could End Up Costing You ThousandsHow to Avoid Scam Contractors and Fake Charities Post-Natural DisasterHave you ever been duped by a loan scam?  We want to hear from you!  You can  email us  or you can find us on  Facebook  and  Twitter.Visit OppLoans on  YouTube  |  Facebook  |  Twitter  |  LinkedIN

Girl, Interrupted, By Film Starring Winona Ryder And...

Girl, Interrupted is a 1999 drama film starring Winona Ryder and Angelina Jolie that is based off of Susanna Kaysen’s memoir of the same name that documented her stay in a mental institution during the 1960’s. In the film, Susanna’s character displays many symptoms of some form of mental illness ranging from impulsivity to a suicide attempt. In the beginning of the movie, Susanna is rushed to the hospital after overdosing on aspirin and vodka; Susanna, in denial about her own mental state, declares often throughout the early parts of the film that she took the aspirin â€Å"because she had a headache†, refusing to acknowledge that she had attempted suicide. In addition to her apparent suicidality, Susanna engaged in self-harm behaviors, shown†¦show more content†¦The broad range of symptoms that Susanna demonstrated during the film makes it hard to pinpoint an exact diagnosis for her. Given the symptoms Susanna presented, including instability in relationships, impulsivity, suicidality and self harm, negative affect, and feelings of emptiness; a diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) seems most likely. A diagnosis of depression also seems fairly likely due to Susanna’s low mood and thoughts of suicide; however, this diagnosis did not completely map onto the symptoms that Susanna presented throughout the film. The depressive symptoms she experienced were also symptoms of her personality disorder, perhaps suggesting a comorbidity. In the film, the age of onset for Susanna’s BPD was around 18 years old, which fits within the framework for diagnosing personality disorders, as personality disorders are not usually diagnosed until the patient reaches adulthood. The first episode that Susanna experienced was very severe, leading her to attempt suicide, this episode extended into the beginning of her stay at Claymoore, and could be triggered by s tresses in her environment. The episode then decreased in severity as time passed and as she received treatment, which was multifaceted and tailored to her individualShow MoreRelatedI Watched The Film Girl, Interrupted Starring Winona Ryder And Angelina Jolie Essay1689 Words   |  7 Pages1 A: I watched the film Girl, Interrupted starring Winona Ryder and Angelina Jolie. The film is based on a true story of a young woman with borderline personality disorder named Susana Kaysen. Following a suicide attempt, Susana admits herself into a psychiatric hospital with the encouragement of a mental health professional. Throughout the film, when Susana describes what she experiences psychologically, as well as flashbacks to her previous life in a detached and sulked tone –emphasizing the detachmentRead More Girl Interrupted Essay986 Words   |  4 Pages GIRL, INTERRUPTED by Susanna Kaysen (New York: Turtle Bay Books, 1993) 1. Author: Susanna Kayson was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1948 where she still lives. She is the author of books which are in some parts related to her personal experiences. She worked as a free-lance editor and proof reader until an introduction to an agent set her career in motion. Her novels: The novel that caught the agents attention, Asa, As I Knew Him, was published in 1987 and people were very interested in

Why Is The Ideal Personal Computer Essay - 924 Words

When looking to purchase a new computer, everyone has one common goal, which is that they are looking for the ideal personal computer. It sounds quite simple, because if everyone is looking for the same package, then it should be as simple walking into a vendor’s shop and picking up the first computer one sees on the shelf. That is in fact not, what happens in reality. Then why is it so challenging? Well that is because the ideal personal computer is a reflection of the buyer†¦indeed, it is a reflection of you. As we all know, each human being is different, with different needs, likewise it is the same as buying a new personal computer. Just as people are complicated, so is buying a new computer. All of the confusing technical jargons features and components that the average user generally does not really care about is what in fact what they should be articulate about, merely because it is what defines their ideal personal computer. Buying a personal computer does not hav e to be complex. In truth, it can be quite simple once the user is aware of their own needs of the computer, its fundamental components and the specifications that is responsible for managing their requirements. Personally, I am a casual everyday user of the computer, like probably 50 % of the other users out there in the market. I prefer an all-purpose machine that I can use for web browsing, communication and email, stream online content, view and edit digital photos, play basic games and finally yetShow MoreRelatedManaging Threats At St Peter s Home Essay1468 Words   |  6 Pagessafety of our data. To protect our computers from viruses we use up to date antivirus software. It is important that your antivirus software is up to date because ne viruses are always being made and discovered. When they find a new virus the antivirus software becomes programmed to protect your computer from them therefore the more you update your antivirus the more protected you are as your computer c an protect you from more viruses. At St Peter’s our computers are updated as soon as new softwareRead MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Apple Inc.1687 Words   |  7 Pagesbenefits it. Apple Inc. is an American multinational firm that has its headquarters at Cupertino, California that is known for designing, developing, and selling of electronics for consumers. The organization is also known for its landmark making of computer software and also the provision of online services for its organization. In terms of hardware products, the organization makes iPhones-its flagship smartphone, the iPod music player, iPad, Apple Watch, and Apple TV. In terms of the consumer softwareRead MoreInterviewing A Pharmacy At A Local Hospital780 Words   |  4 Pagesreceptionist. 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Many of the computers have software applications which are outdated by over seven years or more. The computers are slow and there are very few of them, making wait times long and the entire experience very frustrating when it comes to using

Essay on Greek Architecture - 1558 Words

Greek Architecture The Greek culture has had a huge impact on the history of the world. There is something Greek in almost everything, especially in the world’s architecture. Greece no longer had one king, so they focused on building temples for their gods. Architecture began small and plain but evolved into impressive pieces of art. As time passed from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period, the people of Greece developed a type of formula for their buildings and their pieces of art. In Ancient Greece, religion dominated their life, so it is understandable that their architecture would be dominated by their religion. Before Greece became many different city-states, they had kings, and they would build a room called a†¦show more content†¦They are also described as being entasis, meaning that about two thirds of the way up the column begins to taper in. The fluting of the columns was hallowed out semi-circles. The entablature of a Doric temple is also very plain. The cornice is plain, meaning there is no ornament on the cornice. The frieze is broken up into triglyphs and metopes. A triglyph are a series of sculpted vertical lines, and a metope is a plain area. The architrave is one full piece with no ornament. An Ionic temple is considered to be feminine. The Ionic temple is very different to the Doric. An Ionic column is very sleek and slender. Just like the Doric column, the Ionic column is proportioned to its diameter. The height of an Ionic column is nine to ten times the diameter. The column has a base and the capital is more decorative with the use of scroll volutes. The fluting is very much like the Doric except there is a flat area in between every hallowed out semi-circle. The entablature of an Ionic temple has a lot more decoration. The cornice and the frieze with both have some sort of ornament or sculpture. The architrave is broken up into three or four pieces. The Corinthian order is not used much in Ancient Greece. The Corinthian column is much like the Ionic but the capital is decorated with acanthus leaves. The Corinthian column is used mostly on the interior and becomes widely used in Ancient Rome. A Greek temple can be classified in threeShow MoreRelatedGreek Architecture1563 Words   |  7 PagesThe Greek culture has had a huge impact on the history of the world. There is something Greek in almost everything, especially in the worlds architecture. Greece no longer had one king, so they focused on building temples for their gods. Architecture began small and plain but evolved into impressive pieces of art. As time passed from the Archaic period to the Hellenistic period, the people of Greece developed a type of formula for their buildings and their pieces of art. 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Characteristics Paper free essay sample

Running head: CHARACTERISTICS PAPER Characteristics Paper Ottia Birl, Jamie Howell, Tomeka Murray, and Ronald Smith Psych/535 February 28, 2011 Evangelina Alonso, Psy. D Characteristics Paper Introduction The United States is made up of several different cultural groups. All of theses cultural groups are made up of their own morals, religions, beliefs, and characteristic traits. Team B (Ottia Birl, Jamie Howell, Tomeka Murray, and Ronald Smith) will discuss researched information about the Hispanic culture. This information will include various characteristics of the Hispanic culture, such as, cultural practices, language, family values and morals, etiquette, and eating habits. While discussing the Hispanic culture, the individuals also elaborated on the impact of Hispanic cultural characteristics on the experience of being an American Subculture, the strained relationship between America and Mexico, the growing Hispanic community, the value of Hispanic Americans, application of Hispanic cultural aspects to Traditional Psychological Theory, cultural deficit or disadvantage theory, the effects of racism and oppression, social learning theory and operant conditioning, and implications for Psychological Theory and Practice. Primary Hispanic Cultural Characteristics Family Values and morals The Hispanic Americans are families that are closely knitted together and social systems are very important to them (Noble LaCasa, 1991). With the Hispanic Americans, the family goes over and beyond what constitutes the makeup of the nuclear family (Noble LaCasa, 1991). The family unit of the Hispanic American doesn’t just consist of the parents and children but the extended members also (Noble LaCasa, 1991). The primary structure of the family is the father who is the head and then the mother who takes care of the home (Noble LaCasa, 1991). All other members of the amily are morally responsible for supporting and aiding any other member that experience hardships. The hardships include such things as conditions of poor health, unemployment, other financial problems and issues in life (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Hispanic Americans have very strong family bonds. It is their common practice to stay with other family members when traveling or moving to anot her city or state until living arrangements are secured. There is great value and importance placed upon celebrating holidays and special occasions, such as: birthdays, weddings, religious events, and graduations (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Their children are instilled with strong morals that depicts honor as important, having respect for all authority and elderly, and showing good manners (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Furthermore, the Hispanic American takes pride in preserving their cultural language. Therefore, the speaking of Spanish is practiced as common within each family home (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Etiquette The Hispanic American uses their Spanish language for addressing both formal and non formal events. When participating in non formal setting their conversations are normally loud and fast and many forms of animated bodily gestures are used to express what is meant (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Hispanic Americans place high importance on their appearance and looks being connected to dignity and honor (Noble LaCasa, 1991). When attending gathering such as: church, social meeting, and parties, formal attire is worn. For non formal occasions, the wearing of jeans and tennis shoes is a common practice (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Hispanics are not time oriented and punctual. It is a common practice to arrive at least thirty minute after the starting of an event. This is considered an acceptable social behavior for them (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Hispanic American formally greets and leaves one another with a firm handshake. They also embrace each other with a hug and kiss on the cheeks. This practice is observed by women and men, family member and close friends of the family (Noble LaCasa, 1991). Eating Habits The eating habits practiced by the Hispanic American are a light meal for breakfast. Lunch is considered the main meal of the day and known as el almuerzo (Noble LaCasa, 1991). It is also a common practice for many member of the family to spend at least two hours together for this important meal. There is normally a time of rest set aside after lunch known as La siesta. A moderate snack with coffee and sandwiches completes the practice in the early part of the evening. This is known as la merinda, a very informal meal many times just for the children (Noble LaCasa, 1991). However, since living in the United States most Hispanic have adopted the system of eating three meals a day. The meals for afternoon and evening are considered significant. This time of family and social gathering also involves guests and therefore is observed as a time for fellowship which includes coffee and other after dinner drink (Noble LaCasa, 1991). The Impact of Hispanic Cultural Characteristics on the Experience of being an American Subculture Performing an analysis of the Latino groups in the United States would be an extensive task (Hall, 2010). The Hispanic culture in the United States is comprised of many cultures with millions of individuals, with differing cultural norms, religions, political practices, family hierarchy, and other ideologies that make each culture unique (Hall, 2010). As a subculture in the United States the Hispanic culture is despised by many Americans. The attitudes of some Americans toward the Hispanic culture is despite the fact that many members of the Hispanic culture live in the same demographic, shop at the same stores, eat at the same restraints, and attend some of the same churches as Americans (Hall, 2010). The majority of Hispanic members are extremely devoted members of the Catholic or Episcopalian faith, which is the same basic principle upon which America was founded. As a subculture of America the members of the Hispanic American culture place their children in the same schools and have the same hopes and dreams as Americans (Hall, 2010). The strained relationship between America and Mexico The relationship between Mexico and the United States remains tense because of the armed conflict in the 1800s (Shifter, 2010). Since this time immigrants from Mexico have been attempting to enter the United States to make money and provide a better life for members of their family (Shifter, 2010). The Hispanic people were originally seen as migrant farm workers oming to America to harvest crops and then return home. The Latino people are hard working and family oriented, which is the focus of the Hispanic culture (Shifter, 2010). In modern society the Hispanic American individual is being educated in English making them bilingual. Hispanic American customs are different from those of Americans, especially in the area of family (Shifter, 2010). Americans for t he most part value gratification, self-indulgence, and materialism. The hierarchy of the Hispanic family begins with parents as experience is revered in the Hispanic culture (Shifter, 2010). The male is traditionally considered the leader of the immediate family and the female is valued for domestic skills. In the American culture most men are admired for social status, income, and masculinity, most women are admired for the shape of their outer beauty (Shifter, 2010). The growing Hispanic community Even though the Hispanic American subculture is considered a minority group, the number of members continues to grow toward a majority status (Heise, 2010). The Hispanic subculture holds moral behavior and religion in higher regard than most Americans. Most Americans are over indulgent and narcissistic, valuing anything that brings pleasure or a larger salary (Heise, 2010). Hispanic Americans for the most part are paid less than most Americans for more backbreaking work. A portion of the difference in pay between Americans and Hispanic Americans might consist of difficulties in communication due to a language barrier (Heise, 2010). Americans claim that the members of the Hispanic culture entering the United States illegally are stealing American jobs and dragging down the economy. Not many Americans would be willing to swallow their pride and clean toilets for a living (Heise, 2010). Members of the Hispanic culture are willing to do anything to support their family and give them a better life, including landscaping, construction, masonry work, and cleaning American houses (Heise, 2010). The value of Hispanic Americans Some Americans complain about Hispanics members but still hire them to perform quality work for a low price (Heise, 2010). When Americans sincerely face the facts, the United States needs Hispanic Americans not only as a scapegoat as some would have it but to perform jobs some Americans are not willing to perform (Heise, 2010). If the Hispanic culture, either legal or illegal left America the effects would be catastrophic. Most of the companies would be forced out of business, which would have a negative effect on the American economy (Heise, 2010). Some economists claim that members of the Hispanic culture entering the United States illegally cost American tax payers approximately 20 billion in tax dollars to return the immigrants to Mexico and other countries south of the American border. Providing that the figure is not inflated, the services that Hispanic Americans provide is well worth the money spent (Heise, 2010). Application of Hispanic Cultural Aspects to Traditional Psychological Theory Cultural deficit or disadvantage theory. The growing presence of Hispanic members in America has created many opportunities for cross-cultural psychologists to study the behavior of these members in relation to their American counter-parts (Jenson, 2010). Two of the models of multicultural psychology include the social aspects of acculturation and biculturalism. Multicultural psychologists study the social and behavioral results of oppression and racism on members of the Hispanic culture (Jenson, 2010). Psychologists also study how these affects impact cultural identity and the attitude of Hispanic members toward the majority groups, which may affect relations between these groups. Being the focus of stereotypical and racist behavior can create a stressful situation resulting in a stress related mental disorder, such as depression, anxiety, or antisocial personality disorder (Jenson, 2010). Developing a stress related disorder can have adverse effects on an entire family, including children. Oppression and racism can also create feelings of self-doubt and may diminish one’s sense of self-worth and esteem (Jenson, 2010). The effects of racism and oppression Examples of how racism affects Hispanic children can be seen in academic achievement, school attendance, and drop out rate (Salil, Medha, Prabhu, 2009). Studies show that the Hispanic American culture has the highest drop out rate of any ethnic group including African Americans. Some researchers state that the reason for a high drop out rate among Hispanic children is due in part to the low value placed on education by the Hispanic culture (Salil, Medha, Prabhu, 2009). Researchers believe that if the Hispanic parents do not value education, and the child is not being positively reinforced for achievement, then the child will not hold education in high regard (Salil, Medha, Prabhu, 2009). A high drop out rate among Hispanic teens may be the reason many become involved with organized crime. Gangs offer young teens the sense of acceptance or reward they may be missing at home (Salil, Medha, Prabhu, 2009) Social learning theory and operant conditioning The psychological theory that reinforces this idea is Albert Bandura’s social learning theory (Isom, 1998). Social learning theory is founded on the idea that children learn or model the behaviors, norms, values, and beliefs of parents and other authority figures. The aspects of modeling include both positive and negative behaviors (Isom, 1998). B. F. Skinner’s operant conditioning theory in which Skinner states that maladaptive behavior is a result of environmental factors and can be corrected through schedules of reinforcement (Isom, 1998). Skinner believes that through negative and positive reinforcement one can modify the behavioral effects of a conditioned response. An alternate theory explains that maladaptive behavior, including the drop out rate of young Hispanic children is that schools are biased toward cultural differences and set students up to fail by not teaching the students need to be successful (Isom, 1998). Implications for Psychological Theory and Practice In 2000, 35% of students in United States public schools were Hispanic and it is anticipated that by the year 2030 Hispanics will comprise 46% of the population in Texas, making this the largest and fastest growing group in the United States (Garza and Watts, 2010). Garza and Watts (2010) contend that with this group being overrepresented in such areas as poverty, low graduation rates, and teen pregnancy many states will be affected by a large percentage being impoverished, uneducated, and under-skilled. This poses numerous problems for counselors as Hispanics traditionally are reluctant to seek or accept help and frequently discontinue services before the goal has been achieved. However, Garza and Watts (2010) indicate these clients may be more receptive of services if they have developed trust in the provider hich is facilitated through a sense of being understood. There are four values central to working with the general Hispanic culture: confidence; respect; relationships on a personal level, and the importance of family. It is vital that the therapist understands the importance of involving members of the client’s family in all stages of treatment for they will serve as the primary support group. Family members are viewed as an exten sion of self and such interdependence should be encouraged (Garza and Watts, 2010). Frequently, Hispanics are accompanied to doctors’ appointments by other members of the family, members whose input will be considered in the client’s decision making process regarding treatment. Throughout history such interdependence has served as a cultural survival tactic by creating a sense of unity and strength and should not be overlooked in any helping relationship established by a counselor. Likewise, it is important for the therapist to be aware of the hierarchical based differences in behaviors exhibited by Hispanic clients. A therapist will be seen as disrespectful if this hierarchy is not evidenced in their dealing with Hispanic clients and services may be refused (Garza and Watts, 2010). Respect is the primary value in this hierarchical system, specifically respect to the family as a whole and respect for familial position. Hispanic parents often feel that respect, demonstrated through obedience, is more important than education and academics for their children (Garza and Watts, 2010). Confidence is earned from Hispanic clients once they perceive the therapist understands their values and see this understanding reflected through the therapist’s interactions. The client’s level of involvement and commitment in the therapy process is affected by their confidence in the therapist. Confidence is also based on the type of relationship the therapist has established with the client and the larger family. In their paper, Garza and Watts (2010) say that the Hispanic client tends to attribute successful treatment to the provider instead of the treatment itself and urge therapists to establish a personal style and behaviors that nurture a personal relationship. The authors recommend a person-centered approach with Hispanic clients, citing shared values of respect and a sense of emotional intimacy. To establish this type of personal relationship counselors are advised to refer to their clients by titles they are comfortable with such as senior or senora instead of Mr. or Mrs. and to inquire about their lives and family in a manner that has no bearing on the therapeutic setting – show a sincere interest in the person, demonstrating that they are more than just a client. This may seem difficult to achieve considering the requirements of a professional relationship and the laws regarding privacy. One technique to resolve this conflict is to advise the client of the confidentiality of the therapy process and the privacy of the counseling setting, telling the client and family that if encountered outside of the counseling setting the counselor will protect this privacy by not acknowledging the client. If the client is comfortable acknowledging therapist they may approach the counselor and initiate a conversation. At this time the counselor would be better able to foster the personal relationship Garza and Watts recommend, by asking the client about their family or other important event they are aware of such as a new member of the family, or family members who were expected to arrive for a visit. Almost any topic outside of the counseling issue would further this personal relationship by fostering the sense of emotional intimacy. Conclusion In conclusion, Team B discussed the Hispanic Cultures history, morals, beliefs, eating habits and ect. While discussing the Hispanic culture, the individuals elaborated on the impact of Hispanic cultural characteristics on the experience of being an American Subculture, the strained relationship between America and Mexico, the growing Hispanic community, the value of Hispanic Americans, application of Hispanic cultural aspects to Traditional Psychological Theory, cultural deficit or disadvantage theory, the effects of racism and oppression, social learning theory and operant conditioning, and implications for Psychological Theory and Practice. After research was conducted, it was the opinion of one of the team members that even though there are different cultures in the United States and the all have different traditions, beliefs, and characteristics; they all have something in common. They want to be respected and treated fairly. References Garza, Y. and Watts, R. E. (2010, Winter). Filial therapy and hispanic values: Common ground for culturally sensitive helping. Journal of Counseling Development. 88(n. d. ). 108-111. Hall, G. C. N. (2010). Multicultural psychology (2nd ed. ). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. Isom, M. (1998). The social learning theory. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from http://www. criminology. fsu. edu/crimtheory/bandura. htm Jenson, A. (2010). Cultural deficit theory. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from http://www. eric. ed. gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini. jsp? _nfpb=true_ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED243918ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=noaccno=ED243918 Noble, J. , LaCasa, J. (1991). The Hispanic Way: Aspects of Behavior, Attitudes, and Customs of the Spanish-Speaking World. Chicago, Ill. Passport Books. Salil, T. , Medha, T. , and Prabhu, S. (2009). Hispanic ethnic identity: The Effects of Hispanic Ethnic Identification on Teenager Influence. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from http://www. westga. edu/~bquest/1997/hispanic. html Shifter, M. (2010). The U. S. relationship with Mexico. Retrieved February 25, 2011, from https://www. thedialogue. org/page. cfm? pageID=32pubID=1044mode=print (Noble LaCasa, 1991). The Hispanic Way: Aspects of Behavior, Attitudes, and Customs of the Spanish-Speaking World. Chicago, Ill. Passport Books.

17 Proofreading Techniques for Business Communication

17 Proofreading Techniques for Business Communication Finally. Your document is just about complete. It’s been written, reviewed, compiled, and re-reviewed. With the final edits in place, it’s now ready to be proofread. Proofreading can seem like a simple task in business communication. However, the attention to detail and intense focus it requires means that proofreading is as challenging as it is important. However, there are many tactics you can use to ensure this task is completed well and effectively. This article highlights our top strategies. Why is Proofreading Important? Proofreading can help you improve the readability and quality of your documents. It is important to ensure that your writing is error free and professional. What is Proofreading? Proofreading includes reviewing for grammar, correct use of language, and format. It’s the final touches needed to ensure a business document is correct, consistent, and professional. When Do I Proofread? Proofreading is often confounded with editing. Editing involves revisions of the document, often with major changes, to ensure alignment with goals, accuracy of information, or modification of tone. Only once those major edits are complete can the document move to the proofreading stage. Proofreading ensures the final content is free of linguistic and formatting errors. 17 Proofreading Techniques: The following list presents the strategies we recommend for better proofreading. These methods strengthen your proofreading process and knowledge. 1. Step Away, Then Focus Whenever possible, step away from the document before proofreading. This is crucial when you are the document’s author. You are too close to the content, making it difficult to have a clear, objective eye on the text. We recommend taking a 24-hour break from the content before proofreading for maximum effectiveness. 2. Print a Hard Copy Proof of Your Document Many editors find it easier to proofread with a physical document. Printing the document makes it easier to read and allows you to proofread in more places. 3. Read Aloud Good proofreading is done slowly. Simply reading it normally allows your brain to fill in gaps and fix errors in your mind and skip them on the page. Reading aloud ensures that each word and punctuation mark is verified. It also highlights awkward sentences because it will sound more awkward out loud than on the page. Conveniently, there are online programs that will help with this task. Use your computer’s text-to-voice function to have your document read to you. Having your computer read to you will help catch typos that you may skip over as you know the original intent of the sentence. 4. Align With Company Style Standards Most companies have style standards for external documents. Ensure you have these guidelines close at hand while proofreading. These guidelines may range from font choice to preferred spellings to margin size and more. These details ensure consistency across an organization. 5. Remove Excess Words Business writing is concise and direct. Excess words, like adjectives or adverbs, can detract from the message. Being careful not to overstep into editing, review the text for superfluous words that do not add value to the text. In addition, accidental excess or repeat words are erroneous and can be missed prior to proofing. 6. Explain or Remove Jargon Specialized terminology or acronyms should be used sparingly, if at all, in business writing. When used appropriately for the reader, they still must be explained. Generally, the first mention of an acronym is spelled out completely with the acronym followed in brackets. An unfamiliar technical term should be explained in the text before being referenced. Terms that are difficult for the reader should be removed and replaced with more accessible wording. 7. Check Sentence Structure A proper sentence must have a subject, a verb, and express a complete thought. Simple, right? Yet, sentence fragments and run-on sentences can sneak into an otherwise great text. Review each sentence for proper structure and punctuation. 8. Review Flow and Sequencing One pass of the document must be a high-level review. This overview checks the organization of the document to ensure it has proper flow and sequencing. Check for formatting consistency, order, and numbering of images, tables, and appendices, and the general presentation. 9. Use Software Technology is your friend when it comes to proofreading. Microsoft’s Spelling and Grammar tool and Grammarly’s online editor are two handy tools to catch spelling, grammatical errors, and some syntax errors that your spellcheck may miss. Use these tools as a first scan. They will catch detectable errors. However, word choice and homonyms are often only found by the human eye. You can check out our list of the top tools for tone, editing, and grammar (among others business writing needs!) on our blog. 10. Hire an Editor or Ask Colleagues/Friends If you’re way, way too close to your document, proofing it yourself may not be a good idea. In this case, seek a truly objective opinion and review. Hiring an editor to complete the proofreading phase can be a valuable investment. Alternatively, asking a friend or colleague to proof your text can provide a fresh perspective. 11. Take a Course Proofreading is a skill that is learned, honed, and improved. Like many other writing aptitudes, proofing can be developed through education. Taking a course on proofing will help you master the process. We offer a Proofreading Course with Grammar Review that hones the skills required to effectively proofread in a business environment. Avoid Common Mistakes These tactics will help you catch the trickiest business communication errors. 12. Check Homonyms When a word sounds right, the quick reader can mistake it for being correct. Homonyms are a painful but important item to check. Including accept where except is intended can be embarrassing or even disastrous in business communication. Ensure the word choice is the correct one. 13. Check Apostrophes Apostrophes are often placed incorrectly. Apostrophes are almost never used for plurals, but somehow they often appear as such. While mixing up companies with company’s may not be disastrous, it is confusing and unprofessional. 14. Fact Check Employees, colleagues, and clients rely on business communications for information and decisions. Therefore, they need to be accurate. Whether it is the client name spelling, the sales division location, or the policy sheet, each detail must be correct. Fact checking these details will ensure the document is valuable and useful. 15. Verify Numbers, Times, and Dates Numerical information is often the most critical and the easiest to mistype. Each number must be verified. A misplaced decimal or zero in a budget line can be a grievous error. Times should be checked that they are correct, including the time zone. Dates must be correct to the day of the month and the week. Triple checking the numbers is not an over-the-top habit. 16. Verify Names Writing a staff’s, colleague’s, or client’s name incorrectly or completely wrong is simply disrespectful. It can lead to confusion, but more importantly, it shows poor attention to detail to the most important people: the reader or subject of the business communication. 17.Test Hyperlinks and Phone Numbers Website and phone numbers are very handy. However, they become very frustrating or ignored if they are incorrect. In the proofreading process, click on each hyperlink, type in each web address, and dial each phone number included in the document to ensure they will correctly direct the reader. Fool-Proof These seventeen strategies will improve your proofreading skills. Carve out the time to properly review and implement each of these strategies and your business communication will be accurate, valuable, and professional.

Hitlers Rise To Power essays

Hitlers Rise To Power essays Who or what was responsible for Hitlers rise to power? Many believe that there was only one factor for his rise to power. Some state that Hitler could not have risen to power in any other than Germany, implying that he was nothing more than a product of German culture. Others say that Hitler made himself dictator by means of his political genius. And yet still others claim that it was the weak democratic government of the Weimar Republic or Germanys social and economic scene in the 1930s that made the people restless and ready for a dictator to come to power. There was no sole cause for Hitlers rise to power. There were two. The political and economic chaos of the 1920s and the 1930s joined forces with German culture that enabled Hitler to rise to power. Both play an equal part. Together, both reasons fit together like pieces of a puzzle, to create a unique situation for Hitlers rise. Hitler was in part a product of German culture. German culture stands out as particularly aggressive and racist. The values and ideas found in this cultures history inspired Hitler to do many things that he did and can explain in part why he felt the way he did on certain issues (Stern). Hundreds of years before Hitler emerged, German philosophers and artist preached an almost religious worship of the state. They discussed the idea of the master race, and created a mythology of German heroism that encouraged loyalty to the group and glorified death for the country. Hitler and many Germans like him, was an enthusiastic student of Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel who argued that the State has the supreme right against the individual, whose supreme duty is to be a member of the State. Hegel foresaw in the early 1800s that Germanys hour would come and that the countrys mission would be to redevelop the world. A German hero would complete this mission (Landry). L...

Dehav Travel report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Dehav Travel report - Essay Example The paper also discusses the issue related to the graduate management development program. There are other issues related to the management of the organization that has been discussed in the paper, that also involves organizational culture and ethics management within the organization (CIPD, 2013). There are employee turnovers within Dehav Travel starting from the junior to senior managers and the factors that leads to employee turnover. The researcher through this paper aims to carry out a detailed analysis on the leadership management strategy followed by the organizations and the challenges that the company faces. The research also offers the researcher the scope to understand the effectiveness of the factors responsible for the leadership management in Dehav Travel. Leadership deals with the ability of the managers to enhance the performance of the employees by motivating them and providing them with the training that is needed. There are various styles of the leadership followed within the organization and it depends on the personality of the individuals who wishes to be team leaders (Zur Muehlen, 2004; Fullan, 2002). Research says that the leader should adapt themselves to the new trends in order to make the team members perform well in order to make them compete with the rivals in the organization (Gaba, 2000). However, there are differences among the leadership and management process followed by the organization. The management process within Dehav Travel involves planning and accounting techniques and finally, establishing the detailed steps for achieving the goals of the organization. This also involves allocating the resources necessary to implement the project successfully (Guthrie, 2001). The leadership process involves a vision set by the managers for the organization and the strategies undertaken by the managers to achieve the vision. The next step under the management

Why do firm operate in high-risk countries Give specific examples Essay

Why do firm operate in high-risk countries Give specific examples - Essay Example The term high risk implies that a certain country’s economy has a higher inclination towards risk. This risk may exist because of some social and political problems that the country might face. Because of a social and political turmoil in the country, government policies regarding the foreign direct investment may not be very friendly and so may not be very attractive for the investors. Also there is likelihood that the security situations in such countries also may affect the foreign businesses. For example many firms have suffered in countries like Pakistan and Afghanistan where the security situation does not permit a healthy business environment. The products of the firms that operate in high risk countries may not provide the value they once did, as Penn (2003) points out. Also according to Penn (2003), the overall productivity of the firms and companies might fall because the revenues earned would be less than those that were earned previously. As a consequence, the cost s incurred by the investors might rise too. The firms would be increasingly burdened in such situations with unnecessary costs and the benefits expected may also be dwindling. Also the interest rate in the high risk countries is generally less which means that the foreign direct inflows are also gravely affected. This is true for all the foreign direct investors that operate in high risk countries. However, it is interesting to note that recently there has been a trend of companies working in the high risk countries when they actually should have found exits. Of course there might be some benefits in doing so, that encourages the investors to work in such situations. The paper discusses some of the advantages that a firm might have while investing in countries that are in state of recessions. Most of the economists like Rothgeb (1986) believe

Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender - Catwoman Essay Example for Free

Analyse How an Adaptation of Your Choice Deals with Gender Catwoman Essay The representation of female super heroes in the media can be said to have had huge institutional, political and social influences that would suggest those in power are favoured at the expense of those without. Female super heroes tend to promote sexualisation and stereotypical gender roles of women, throughout comic books and super hero movies, but why? In this essay I will look at the character of Catwoman, and her representation as a female, particularly in the 2004 adaptation film â€Å"Catwoman†. Originally, she is an iconic character in the batman series. Created in 1940 by Bob Kane (batman creator) and Bill Finger, she has had a strong presence in batman comics and adaptations since then. Her role as a mysterious burglar and jewel thief led her to just miss out on a place in the top ten, ranking 11th in IGN’s ‘Top 100 comic book Villains of all time’ (2009) and 51st in Wizard magazines ‘100 greatest villains of all time’ list (2006). The character has been used in hundreds of comic books, as well as video games, radio stations, TV series, animated series and films. Although she is featured in mostly batman productions and texts, Catwoman was given her first comic book series in 1993, written mostly by Jim Balent. Several years down the line, Catwoman stared as the lead role in the feature film, made in 2004. The movie was an example of post feminism at its best, as in the 1970’s, only 15% of action adventure movies cast female leads. The movie was directed by Pitof and was released on July 23 by Warner Bros. and Village Roadshow Pictures. The cast members include Halle Berry, who plays Catwoman, Benjamin Bratt, Sharon Stone and Frances Conroy. I have chosen to analyse this movie because females are not usually given dominant roles in superhero movies, especially as the lead character. There are many stereotypes that surround women, and I believe this movie challenges those. The film was inspired by the DC comics villain of the same name, however stars a new character, Patience Phillips. There are several similarities to the original character. For example, she has similar office job and is killed by someone she works for. In the 1992 movie staring Michelle Pfeiffer, she uncovers a dark secret in the company and is thrown to her death from a great height. The plot for the more recent movie is very like its predecessor. In both versions she is brought back to life by a group of wild cats. However the most relevant similarity is her appearance and costume. Throughout the film, Catwoman is dressed in a tight black latex costume, black connoting mystery and evil. This material is often associated with sexuality; it clings to her body and shows off her curves. Over the years her costumes have become even more provocative, with this Catwoman being more fetish than ever. These clothes represent Catwoman as a sexual image to be looked at by the opposite sex. Laura Mulvey describes this as the Male Gaze. She explains In their traditional exhibitionist role, women are simultaneously looked at and displayed with their appearance, coded for strong visual and erotic impact so it can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness. (1975, p33). It is arguable that woman in the genre of action, drama and super hero are not represented as women, rather an object of sexual desire. The women featured in such genres are slim, pretty, and all wear tight clothing. Lillian Robinson refers to woman super heroes as a pin up girl in a cape, rather than genuine characters (2006). The skimpy outfit has great erotic significance (Richard Reynolds 1994) and could create a negative portrayal of females, as well as being a very bad influence for the young women and girls who watch the movie, or read the comics. Clearly, the media heavily influences teenagers already. They follow the latest fashion trends from celebrities, coolest haircuts, and they diet and loose weight to look like the people they see on TV and in magazines. They look up to the people in the media, and the image of Halle Berry in the cat suit, may encourage young girls to objectify themselves in a similar way. Already, Playboy as a brand has become a fashionable thing, for young girls even at the age of 8. They have the playboy bunny pencil cases, posters and duvet covers. Just like this, cat woman may encourage youthful girls to dress inappropriately with increased sexuality. Even Catwoman’s make-up connotes sexualisation. Her lips are painted scarlet red, which draws your attention straight to her mouth, as well as being the colour of lust to stimulate sexual arousal. This idea is due to the fact men and women have more blood flowing through their lips whilst aroused, turning them a darker shade. Halle Berry was most likely cast because of her beauty. Her eyes, lips, body and sex appeal come before everything else in the movie, (Roger Ebert, 2006). The director of this movie has chosen to portray her as an object of sexual desire for men, rather than a role model for the power and liberation of women. Typical of Hollywood movies, the overtly sexualised view of women is rooted in the darkest chamber of male desire, (Kevin Maher, 2005). She appears powerful and dominant, however, she is in fact the opposite, and inferior to the gaze of men. Laura Mulvey says in her book Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema, Women as image, men as bearer of the look, (1975). Personally this idea is predictable and brings nothing new to the genre. Wonder Woman first appeared on screen wearing a gold bra and blue knickers, and in those 36 years gone by, you have to ask yourself, why do superheroes need to be dressed so provocatively? Why can’t the action hero fight crime and ‘kick ass’ in a baggy jumper and a pair of dungarees? Kevin Maher, 2005). I believe the reason behind this is due to the fact that the representation of characters such as Catwoman and Wonder Woman where created by those with power over women. The institution DC comics created both in the 1940’s, which was largely if not entirely controlled by men. Women had no control over their creation and as powerful as Catwoman may be, she is still just an image of the male gaze. Created in a time where females had no authority, they where not able to argue against what could be considered as an unfair representation. Angelia McRobbie has a theory in defence of this sexualised representation, and believes men did not create this image. Women have gained the equality they where fighting for, and now they are using their assets to their advantages. In this case, Catwoman is willingly showing of her body to attract the male gaze, because it gives her power over men. She summarises that post feminism positively draws on and invokes feminism, (1994). However it’s not all negative, Over time things have changed, the presence of female leads in the super hero genre has increased, and to an extent therefore, time has favoured the female lead. Some 50 years ago, males where seen as the hero, there to protect the fragile women. Superman and Lois Lane are a classic example of where the lead role is given to a man, he is strong and courageous, while Lois is inferior to him, she has no special abilities and relies on him completely. However, the number of women in this genre proves a success for the feminist woman and an improvement in today’s society. Iconic actresses such as Angelina Jolie and Uma Thurman have stared as the female lead in modern action movies. Lara Croft, Tomb Raider and Kill Bill are both examples of woman taking active roles, and how accepting it is in this particular genre. Jolie also stared in Mr and Mrs Smith, which showed her as an equal to her husband, just as strong and just as capable of fulfilling the dominant lead. Catwoman has evolved over time, first known as The Cat in DC comics; she then progressed onto TV screens. Her sexual appearance made her an object of desire to the eyes of the male audience, and a role model to girls who wanted to be her, Suzan Colon (2004). In the Halle Berry adaptation, Catwoman is reborn a new woman, sleek, sexy, ambitious and not held back by the restraints of society. She is rebellious and follows her own desires as a feline crime fighter. This representation of Catwoman forces the question that perhaps contemporary women are constrained by the rules of society and are not free. Catwoman challenges the female stereotype and adopts the masculine lead role in this superhero movie. She is a protagonist, independent and capable of standing alone. A crucial scene in the movie shows Catwoman arguing with a large masculine looking man. She demands he turn down his music, which results in her physically attacking him. The argument ends with him lying on the floor with her foot on top of him. This scene portrays her as superior to the man, and the physical pose makes him vulnerable to her. This scene is important, because when she was her human self, known as Patience, the man would not listen to her. As Catwoman, her voice is heard. Simone de Beauvior Invokes ‘the independent women’ who wants to be active, wants to take things for themselves and refuses the passivity men try and want to impose on her. The modern woman accepts masculine values; she prides herself on thinking, getting a job and working to pay her own way, existing on the same terms as man, (1949). Catwoman does exactly that. She completely demolishes feminine stereotypes at the end of the movie when she rejects the love interest and chooses to be a free independent woman. She is not reliant on anyone, especially a man and because of that, I believe this movie demonstrates a victory for women. â€Å"Freedom is power† (Catwoman, 2004). Motivated by revenge, no man stands in her way. However another scene tells a very different story and shows off Catwoman as purely a vision of sexual desire. As she is transformed from patience Phillips, into Catwoman, supposedly now free and independent, we are reminded of her physical qualities. ‘Reminded’ is an understatement actually; it’s thrown in our faces. As she walks across a rooftop the camera angle starts from her feet, moves up her legs and to the top of her body. Paying particular attention to her bum, first impressions are everything! This scene completely confirms Mulvey’s theory, and as Liz Wells suggests, certain films objectify the female star, (2004). However Catwoman is not the only dominant female in this movie. Hedare Beauty is the company Patience works for, and is run by a man named George, or so you are made to believe. Yet in fact, the one calling all the shots is his wife, Laurel. She is controlling the strings of her puppet husband and forces him to her way of thinking. She is an evil, sinister character, full of greed, and in the end she kills her husband in cold blood. She is the villain in this movie, but also a woman in power and free from the constraints of society. In the early 1970’s, after the second wave of feminism, more women were gaining better professions and breaking out of the stereotypical roles. The post modern figure of a female became more appealing to both genders, and resulted in women wanting to achieve higher status in the world of work. An example of such acceptance was seen in the recently released song by male pop artist Ne-Yo, called ‘Miss Independent’. This continues the suggestion of the need for change in the way female super heroes where represented in order to capture the post-modern audience. Catwoman and Laurel Hedare are both great examples of female presence in superhero movies and the result of female empowerment. Judith Butler brings an interesting theory to the table. She believes gender is free floating, rather than fixed, that males and females aren’t simply masculine and feminine. She says that gender is a performance, rather than an aspect of our identity and we behave differently on different occasions. This theory suggests Catwoman isn’t necessarily challenging gender roles by taking on the masculine super hero, but rather an act she’s choosing to play. Women can be masculine because the individual chooses their gender identity. â€Å"When the constructed status of gender is theorized as radically independent of sex, gender itself becomes a free floating artifice, with the consequence that man and masculine might just as easily signify a female body as a male one, and woman and feminine a male body as easily as a female one† (Judith Butler, 1990, p6). Interestingly she suggests that if there where no longer conventional roles for either gender it would be considered the norm for a woman to be in a position of power at work or for a man to stay at home looking after the children. After looking into the history of Catwoman, her creation, and other adaptations in the past, I believe her image is over sexualised. The film is centralised around a beautiful woman, wearing the sexy, tight black costume to do none other than attract male attention. They do however promote that she is a powerful woman and has the freedom to do as she pleases. The fact that a female is the lead role in a movie of this genre is a positive thing. Although the message left behind is that to have freedom and power, you have to entail being objectified. In the end, this movie has done the same as its predecessors, portray woman in a sexualised, unrealistic and in a possibly insulting way.